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Different dietary fats can influence heart health. A new animal study has looked at how omega-3s and trans fatty acids affect the risk of death from heart disease. Animals eating a diet rich in trans fats were less likely to survive coronary events whilst those eating a diet enriched with omega-3 fats had improved survival rates.

 

These results suggest that a diet rich in omega-3 fats may improve survival after experiencing a heart attack, possibly by reducing arterial inflammation and the development of arterial plaques. Further studies in humans are needed to reinforce these findings.

 

In another study, Canadian scientists analysed exposure to fatty acids in 105 pregnant women (38 weeks into their pregnancy) using a combination of food frequency questionnaires and blood samples. Higher intakes of the omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid, seemed to compete with omega-3 fatty acids. As omega-3s, such as EPA and DHA, are particularly beneficial to maternal and fetal health, pregnant women should perhaps limit their intake of omega-6s or take an omega-3 supplement to boost intakes.

 

The beneficial effects of EPA and DHA have been further demonstrated in a follow-up survey of 304 older adults (mean age 75yrs). Those eating the highest intakes of fish rich in EPA and DHA had improved cognitive function.  

 

For more information see: Rafat A et al. (2009) British Journal of Nutrition Vol.102: pg 1188-19; Friesen RW et al. (2010) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol.91: pg 23-31 and Gonzalez S et al. (2009) International Journal of Food Science & Nutrition [Epub ahead of print].